.. _bea-department-mapping: =========================================== BEA Industry to Marxian Department Mapping =========================================== .. contents:: Table of Contents :local: :depth: 2 Complete reference for the mapping from BEA Summary-level industry codes to the four Marxian departments. This mapping is loaded by ``DefaultDepartmentAggregator.get_default_mapping()`` from the TOML file ``src/babylon/economics/tensor_hierarchy/mappings/bea_to_department.toml``. For the theoretical rationale behind the departments, see :ref:`tensor-hierarchy-concept`. For the aggregation algorithm, see :ref:`leontief-analysis`. ---- The Four Departments (Brief) ============================= .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: 10 25 65 * - Code - Name - Description * - ``I`` - Means of Production - Capital goods consumed productively. Mining, manufacturing (producer goods), construction, utilities, transport, finance, professional services, government. * - ``IIA`` - Necessary Consumption - Wage goods required to reproduce labor power. Food, textiles, basic retail, basic lodging. * - ``IIB`` - Luxury Consumption - Discretionary goods consumed by bourgeoisie and labor aristocracy. Consumer electronics, furniture, gambling, luxury retail. * - ``III`` - Social Reproduction - Sectors producing labor power itself. Health care, education, social services, private households, religious organizations. Theoretical sources: Marx (1885), Shaikh & Tonak (1994), Fortunati (1981). See :ref:`tensor-hierarchy-concept` for full discussion of contested boundaries. ---- Department I: Means of Production =================================== .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: 15 35 50 * - BEA Code - Industry Name - Classification Note * - ``1100A1`` - Farms - Agricultural machinery, seeds, fertilizer are means of production. * - ``1130A1`` - Forestry, fishing, and related activities - Raw material extraction; industrial inputs. * - ``211`` - Oil and gas extraction - Energy inputs consumed productively. * - ``212`` - Mining (except oil and gas) - Mineral extraction; producer goods. * - ``213`` - Support activities for mining - Producer services enabling extraction. * - ``2200A0`` - Utilities - Energy infrastructure; consumed by capital. * - ``23`` - Construction - Fixed capital formation. * - ``3210A0`` - Wood products - Industrial wood inputs. * - ``321`` - Wood products (structural) - Overlap code for structural applications. * - ``324`` - Petroleum and coal products - Industrial energy and chemical feedstocks. * - ``325`` - Chemical products (industrial) - Industrial chemicals; producer goods dominant. * - ``326`` - Plastics and rubber products - Industrial inputs for manufacturing. * - ``327`` - Nonmetallic mineral products - Cement, glass, ceramics; construction inputs. * - ``331`` - Primary metals - Steel, aluminum; capital goods input. * - ``332`` - Fabricated metal products - Industrial hardware, structural metal. * - ``333`` - Machinery - Capital equipment; core Dept I sector. * - ``3340A0`` - Computer and electronic products - Producer computing; semiconductors, servers. * - ``335`` - Electrical equipment and appliances - Industrial electrical equipment. * - ``3360A0`` - Motor vehicles, bodies, trailers, parts - Commercial vehicles dominant (boundary case; see note below). * - ``3370A0`` - Other transportation equipment - Aircraft, ships, railroad equipment; capital goods. * - ``3390A0`` - Miscellaneous manufacturing - Instruments, industrial goods. * - ``4200`` - Wholesale trade - Distribution infrastructure enabling capital circulation. * - ``481`` - Air transportation - Producer logistics. * - ``482`` - Rail transportation - Freight rail; capital circulation. * - ``483`` - Water transportation - Bulk freight; capital circulation. * - ``484`` - Truck transportation - Primary domestic freight mode. * - ``485`` - Transit and ground passenger transportation - Worker transport; enables labor reproduction at scale. * - ``486`` - Pipeline transportation - Energy infrastructure. * - ``487OS`` - Other transportation and support activities - Port handling, air traffic control. * - ``493`` - Warehousing and storage - Capital circulation infrastructure. * - ``5110A0`` - Publishing industries (except internet) - Producer information goods. * - ``5120A0`` - Motion picture and sound recording - Boundary case; placed in I as ideological capital production. * - ``5130A0`` - Broadcasting and telecommunications - Communication infrastructure; producer services. * - ``5140A0`` - Data processing, internet publishing - Digital infrastructure; producer computing. * - ``521CI`` - Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation - Financial capital circulation. * - ``523`` - Securities, commodity contracts - Financial capital. * - ``524`` - Insurance carriers - Risk-pooling for capital. * - ``525`` - Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles - Wealth management; financial capital. * - ``5311A0`` - Rental and leasing services - Capital asset services. * - ``FIRE0`` - Housing (owner-occupied residential) - Treated as capital (BEA imputed rental); see boundary note below. * - ``5411`` - Legal services - Producer legal services. * - ``5412`` - Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping - Producer financial services. * - ``5413`` - Architectural, engineering, and related services - Capital project services. * - ``5414`` - Specialized design services - Producer design. * - ``5415`` - Computer systems design and related services - IT services for capital. * - ``5416`` - Management, scientific, and technical consulting - Producer consulting. * - ``5417`` - Scientific research and development - Innovation; creates future means of production. * - ``5418`` - Advertising and related services - Realization function for capital. * - ``5419`` - Other professional, scientific, and technical services - Producer services. * - ``5500A0`` - Management of companies and enterprises - Coordination of capital. * - ``5611`` - Administrative and support services - Business services. * - ``5612`` - Waste management and remediation - Industrial waste handling. * - ``811`` - Repair and maintenance - Capital goods maintenance. * - ``GSLE`` - Federal government enterprises - State-owned productive capital (postal, Amtrak). * - ``GFG`` - Federal general government - State coercive apparatus; enables capital accumulation. * - ``GSLG`` - State and local general government - Local coercive apparatus; infrastructure. ---- Department IIa: Necessary Consumption ======================================= Wage goods required to reproduce labor power—the minimum consumption bundle the proletariat requires to continue working. .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: 15 35 50 * - BEA Code - Industry Name - Classification Note * - ``311FT`` - Food and beverage and tobacco products - Core wage goods; worker caloric reproduction. * - ``313TT`` - Textile mills and textile product mills - Basic clothing; worker reproduction. * - ``315AL`` - Apparel and leather and allied products - Basic clothing manufacturing. * - ``4400`` - Retail trade - General retail; food and basic goods dominant. See boundary note. * - ``7211`` - Traveler accommodation (basic lodging) - Budget hotels, motels; worker accommodation. * - ``FOOD`` - Food services and drinking places - Basic food consumption; worker reproduction. ---- Department IIb: Luxury Consumption ===================================== Discretionary goods consumed by bourgeoisie and labor aristocracy. These sectors absorb surplus value without expanding the productive capacity of the economy. .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: 15 35 50 * - BEA Code - Industry Name - Classification Note * - ``334`` - Computer and electronic products (consumer) - Consumer electronics, smartphones; discretionary. * - ``336`` - Motor vehicles (consumer autos) - Consumer automobile aspect; boundary with Dept I (see note). * - ``337`` - Furniture and related products - Discretionary household goods. * - ``339`` - Miscellaneous manufacturing (consumer) - Consumer novelties, jewelry, toys. * - ``4481`` - Clothing stores - Fashion retail; discretionary apparel. * - ``4521`` - Department stores - General merchandise; upper-consumption bracket. * - ``4529`` - Other general merchandise stores - Club stores; mixed but luxury-adjacent. * - ``4530`` - Miscellaneous store retailers - Sporting goods, hobby, specialty retail. * - ``713`` - Amusements, gambling, and recreation - Pure surplus value consumption. * - ``7211A0`` - Hotels and motels (luxury travel) - Luxury lodging; bourgeois consumption. * - ``7212`` - RV parks, recreational camps, rooming/boarding - Discretionary recreation. * - ``7213`` - Dry cleaning and laundry - Bourgeois household services. * - ``AREP`` - Arts, entertainment, recreation (consumer) - Cultural consumption; surplus value sink. ---- Department III: Social Reproduction ====================================== Sectors whose output is labor power itself—that produce, maintain, and renew the capacity to work. Most labor in this department is performed as unwaged domestic work (low *g*\ :sub:`33`), but the commodified fraction appears in national accounts. .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: 15 35 50 * - BEA Code - Industry Name - Classification Note * - ``621`` - Ambulatory health care services - Outpatient care; worker health reproduction. * - ``622`` - Hospitals - Inpatient care; emergency reproduction of labor power. * - ``623`` - Nursing and residential care - Care for elderly/disabled; social reproduction. * - ``624`` - Social assistance - Social services; labor power maintenance. * - ``6111`` - Elementary and secondary schools - Credential/skill formation; core Dept III. * - ``6112`` - Junior colleges - Postsecondary credential formation. * - ``6113`` - Colleges, universities, and professional schools - Higher education; advanced credential formation. * - ``6114`` - Business schools and computer training - Vocational skill formation. * - ``6115`` - Technical and trade schools - Craft/technical skill formation. * - ``6116`` - Other schools and instruction - Supplementary education. * - ``6117`` - Educational support services - Administrative support for education sector. * - ``814`` - Private households (domestic service workers) - Paid domestic labor; visible tip of unwaged iceberg. * - ``8139`` - Religious, grant-making, civic organizations - Social cohesion; ideological reproduction. * - ``8131`` - Religious organizations - Ideological reproduction; community social support. ---- Boundary Cases and Notes ========================== **Motor vehicles (3360A0 in Dept I; 336 in Dept IIb):** Two BEA codes appear in different departments. Code ``3360A0`` (manufacturing) is placed in Department I because the industry produces both commercial vehicles and consumer automobiles—and commercial use dominates by output value and productive function. Code ``336`` (retail auto sales) is in Department IIb. **Retail trade (4400 in Dept IIa) vs. specialty retail (4481, 4521, 4529, 4530 in Dept IIb):** General retail (BEA 4400) includes food retail, which makes it primarily a wage-goods distributor. Luxury and discretionary specialty retailers are separated into IIb with more specific codes. **Owner-occupied housing (FIRE0 in Dept I):** The BEA treats imputed owner-occupied rental income as capital output. Following Shaikh & Tonak, housing is classified as capital (Dept I) rather than consumption. This is a contested boundary: housing is *simultaneously* a consumption good and a capital asset. The productive capital interpretation is the default. **Future refinement:** The MVP mapping uses dominant-use classification (one industry → one department). A more precise approach would use the BEA commodity-by-industry bridge tables to fractionally allocate mixed industries by output shares. This is noted in the TOML metadata but not yet implemented. ---- How to Update the Mapping ========================== The mapping is defined in: .. code-block:: text src/babylon/economics/tensor_hierarchy/mappings/bea_to_department.toml **TOML structure:** .. code-block:: toml [departments] I = ["1100A1", "1130A1", ...] # List of BEA codes for Dept I IIA = ["311FT", "313TT", ...] # List for Dept IIa IIB = ["334", "336", ...] # List for Dept IIb III = ["621", "622", ...] # List for Dept III [metadata] version = "1.0.0" date = "2026-02-26" bea_classification = "2007 NAICS-based BEA Summary level" reference = "..." notes = "..." To add or move an industry: 1. Find the BEA Summary code in the BEA I-O Use table column headers. 2. Remove it from its current department list (if present). 3. Add it to the correct department list. 4. Add a note in ``[metadata].notes`` explaining the rationale. 5. Re-run tests: ``poetry run pytest tests/unit/economics/tensor_hierarchy/``. **How DefaultDepartmentAggregator reads it:** .. code-block:: python aggregator = DefaultDepartmentAggregator() mapping = aggregator.get_default_mapping() # mapping: {"1100A1": "I", "311FT": "IIA", "334": "IIB", "621": "III", ...} The aggregator reads the TOML at call time (not cached at import). BEA codes not present in the mapping are silently excluded from aggregation. This is intentional: unmapped industries contribute to the ~70-industry matrix but not to the 4-department matrix. **BEA code lookup:** The BEA classification (2007 NAICS-based Summary level) is documented in the BEA I-O XLSX column headers and in the BEA interactive data portal at ``_. ---- Related Documentation ===================== - :ref:`tensor-hierarchy-concept` — Department theory and boundary case rationale - :ref:`leontief-analysis` — How ~70 industries aggregate to 4 departments - :ref:`bea-io-tables` — BEA I-O data format and file inventory - :ref:`tensor-hierarchy-reference` — ``InterIndustryFlow`` tensor type - :mod:`babylon.economics.tensor_hierarchy.inter_industry` — ``DefaultDepartmentAggregator``